NVMe
A fast storage interface for SSDs that connects over PCIe, far quicker than SATA.
NVMe drives use the M.2 slot and are ideal for the OS, containers and databases. Bulk media can stay on cheaper SATA hard drives.
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M.2
A compact slot on a motherboard used mainly for NVMe or SATA SSDs.
PCIe(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
The high-speed expansion bus that connects GPUs, NVMe drives and network cards to the CPU.
SSD(Solid-State Drive)
Flash-based storage with no moving parts, far faster and quieter than a hard drive.