PCI Passthrough
Giving a virtual machine direct, exclusive access to a physical PCIe device such as a GPU or HBA.
With IOMMU enabled, hypervisors like Proxmox can pass a GPU to a VM for transcoding or gaming, or an HBA to a TrueNAS VM for direct disk control. The device is then unavailable to the host and other VMs.
Related articles
IOMMU(Input-Output Memory Management Unit)
A CPU feature that maps device memory safely, enabling PCI passthrough to virtual machines.
Hypervisor
Software that creates and manages virtual machines by allocating physical resources between them.
Virtual Machine(VM)
A software-based computer that runs its own operating system on top of physical hardware via a hypervisor.
HBA(Host Bus Adapter)
A card that adds many drive ports, commonly flashed to pass disks straight through to ZFS.